Articles Posted in Business Law

October 12, 2010

It’s Now Tougher To Change Deposition Testimony in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware

Mistakes made during deposition testimony by corporate officers recently became harder to correct in the Third Circuit (the 3rd Circuit covers federal courts in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware & the Virgin Islands). In the past, attorneys often had their clients complete errata sheets after a deposition to correct harmful testimony. However, in EBC, Inc. v. Clark Bldg. Systems, Inc., the Third Circuit stated that use of errata sheets pursuant to Federal Rule of Procedure 30(e) to create issues of fact to defeat summary judgment motions will be disregarded in most circumstances. The limited exception to this rule is where sufficient justification exists for changing the deposition testimony that exists on the deposition record itself. The Court noted that errata sheets used to create genuine issues of fact are fundamentally indistinguishable from self serving affidavits.

The practical impact of this cautionary footnote is that more time must be given to preparing the witness for what questions might be asked during her deposition. Perhaps just as important is to take the time to impress upon your witness the inherent dangers in the deposition process itself. If not properly prepared, your witness may destroy your case without realizing it.
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September 30, 2010

Major Changes Coming for Philadelphia Business Taxes?

by H. Adam Shapiro

It’s been discussed for years (decades?) and the subject of numerous mayoral campaign debates, but it looks like major changes to Philadelphia business taxes may be in the works. The Philadelphia Inquirer is reporting that a majority of City Council has signed onto a plan to shift the business tax burden away from profits towards gross receipts. All at first blush this seems to be a counterintuitive move since our firm, like many others, has for years advised clients who located their businesses outside of the city because of the onerous gross receipts tax. However, there are provisions which may make this shift not only palatable, but beneficial to small businesses in the city.

The Inquirer is reporting that the first $100,000 of sales will be exempt from the gross receipts tax. Further, certain industries such as manufacturing and retail will be taxed at preferential gross receipts tax rates, some as low as 0.10%. for other businesses, the proposed 0.53% tax, on receipts over $100,000, is targeted to hit out of town operations harder than local mom-and-pop’s. Whether that holds true or not, or if Mayor Nutter even goes along with the plan, is something that remains to be seen.

One thing the does seem to be certain is that we’re going to see a major shift in the compensation packages paid to owners and principles of small businesses in Philadelphia. For years the business privilege tax pushed owners to take their income as salary and bonus, rather than profits and distribution, unlike their colleagues in the rest of the country. With the abolishment of the Business Privilege Tax we’re nearly certain to see small business owners in Philadelphia making a change to pay themselves a distribution, subject to the lower capital gains tax rate, rather than the higher taxed bonuses we’ve seen over the past few years.

If this bill goes through, savvy business owners will start to think about establishing secondary entities outside the city limits to reduce the gross receipts subject Philadelphia taxes.
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September 20, 2010

Businesses Required to Accomodate Nursing Mothers

by H. Adam Shapiro

Hidden well over a 1,000 pages into President Obama’s health care bill that was passed earlier this year is a provision that all working mother’s can appreciate. Employers are now required to provide “a place, other than a bathroom, that is shielded from view and free from intrusion from co-workers and the public, which may be used by an employee to express breast milk.” Businesses with less than 50 employees can claim it’s an undue hardship if they can prove it truly is, but larger companies will have to comply. Mother’s can take time to express milk as often as they like, but they don’t have to be paid for that time.
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September 15, 2010

Cybersquatting and Protection of your Good Name

by H. Adam Shapiro

Did you know your disgruntled customers could set up a website using your business name? It’s called cybersquatting, and unfortunately it’s a growing problem for businesses these days. While the issue has been resolved in some areas of the country, for Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware businesses cybersquatting is still a very real threat.

These so-called gripe cites are set up by disgruntled customers and even former employees to tarnish your businesses good name. A recent example of this phenomenon was the gripe site levinsonaxelrodreallysucks.com, set up by a former associate at the Levinson Axelrod law firm. In that case, the former associate had also set up a squatting site at levinsonaxelrod.net (the real firm site has a .com address). Although both sites were ultimately taken down as a result of litigation and a confidential settlement, the firm had to deal with months of time and cost in order to protect their business reputation. No doubt significantly more expensive where the services of the online reputation management firm they were forced to hire in order to keep perspective clients from finding the wrong website.

Currently, there is another case pending before the Third Circuit addressing a similar gripe site. In this case the site was set up by the former patient of 2 Lasik doctors who lost his sight after surgery. The jury found in favor of the doctors in the medical malpractice case, but the patient found another way to go after the doctors – he set up multiple sites in an attempt to ruin the reputation of the doctors who performed the surgery. The physicians responded by filing both a federal lawsuit as well as an arbitration dispute under the rule set out by ICANN, the organization set up to oversee Internet names. The arbitrator ruled that the sites were confusingly similar and ordered them taken down. The federal court claim is still proceeding to determine if the patient’s First Amendment right to complain trumps the doctors’ right to their own names. Because this issue has not been decided by the Court of Appeals in the Third Circuit before, businesses in the area are waiting on the results.

The most effective time for businesses to take action, as always, is before the problem arises. In many cases the simplest and cheapest thing to do is to register not just your domain name but all variations on your name and site address so that they’re under your ownership and control. If you become aware of a gripe site attacking your business, the intellectual property laws require that you take action promptly in order to protect your good name, or you could lose the right to do so. The attorneys at Danziger Shapiro believe in a multipronged approach to protecting your business, while litigation is often at the heart of that approach, sometimes there are faster ways to protect your good name wall the court case is ongoing.
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August 19, 2010

Building and Renovation Contractors Need to Understand EPA’s Renovation Repair and Painting Rule

by H. Adam Shapiro

With the upcoming deadline fast approaching, we wanted to follow-up our April 15, 2010 post titled “New Lead Paint Rules for Contractors” with a timely reminder. As most people are aware, lead based paints were banned from residential construction in the late 1970’s because of the harmful affects to individuals and particularly, the developmental issues it created in young children.

Renovation firms/contractors and workers will have until September 30, 2010 to obtain the necessary training/certifications; or at least be enrolled in these classes to avoid violating the new Renovation Repair and Painting Rule. Requirements include, among others items, new training guidelines, new certification processes for paint disturbances where lead may be present and that each project must have a designated certified renovator that is responsible for overseeing the project and insure compliance with the new RRP Rule. The rule imposes requirements where a failure to comply can result in a substantial fine of $37,500 for a single violation! We know the costs of those new approved HEPA vacuum and filtration systems are high, but they don’t approach the level of the potential fines for most small to mid-sized jobsites.
While we don’t yet know exactly how expensive the new regulations will be in regards to lawsuits, we are working closely with many of our landlord clients to prepare for this new liability. We’ve already seen instances of contractors and property owners attempting to nod and wink their way out of compliance as a cost saving measure. From the landlord’s perspective, even if the fines aren’t enough of a deterrent, the potential lawsuits should be terrifying.

Going forward, we are advising our contractors, property managers and other clients who own and rent/lease real estate that this will be a major issue and that their contracts will need to be reviewed to allocate for this new liability. In addition, clients need to talk with their insurance adjuster as well to make sure they have coverage as well.
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May 20, 2010

Philadelphia Façade Ordinance Compels Action by Commercial Property Owners

by H. Adam Shapiro

Building Owners in Philadelphia need to be aware of the February 2010 Philadelphia façade ordinance. This ordinance was enacted in response to the recent high profile collapses of building façades that severely injured or even killed pedestrians walking on the sidewalks.

In a nutshell, the new ordinance affects building higher than 6 stories or that have appurtenances in excess of 60 feet in height. If your building falls into this category, and most of the tall Philadelphia buildings with their intricate ledges and facades do, then you will be required to hire a licensed professional who is experienced in building facades or structural engineering to evaluate your building. The engineer will deliver a report of “safe”, “unsafe” or “safe with a repair and maintenance program.” If preventative action is required, it must be performed within a very tight time schedule. All of these reports will be filed with the Philadelphia Department of Licenses and Inspections.

The inspection requirement will be phased in over the next 5 years based upon the age of the building. The oldest buildings will require certification by June 30, 2011, and re-inspection is required every 5 years after the initial report. Going forward, we are advising our clients that this will be an issue for both landlords and tenants, as inspections, certifications and repairs will impact tenant costs as well as creating potential business access issues.
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April 16, 2010

Email Policies for Small Businesses in the Greater Philadelphia Region

by H. Adam Shapiro

The New Jersey Supreme Court recently held that an employee has a reasonable expectation of privacy for emails sent through a personal email account (name@gmail.com for example) over her employer’s network. This is significant because prior law had held just the opposite-namely that the employer did have access to anything an employee was sending over the employer’s network. While this case focused extensively on the relationship between the attorney client privilege (because the personal email the employee sent was to her lawyer about a lawsuit against her employer) and the employer’s right to review company email — this case should give pause to human resource departments that it might be a good time to update or perhaps create your employee manuals.

At our Philadelphia business law firm, we like to think of an employee handbook as not only benefiting the employee, but also providing tremendous legal benefits for the employer. By having a clearly defined policy or procedure in place, along with defined consequences for the failure to meet them, exposure to litigation is greatly reduced. In fact, business insurance carriers will often reduce your premium if you have clearly defined policies for email, communication, sexual harassment, and anti-discrimination.

As a result of this case we are now advising our clients to have communication policies in place that provide notice to employees that personal email accounts (name@gmail or name@yahoo.com for example) are subject to monitoring when sent over the company network. In addition, even if you elect not to monitor personal emails sent over the company’s network, everyone should be aware that records of such emails may be discoverable in litigation. This could lead to very embarrassing situations for you and your employees. Any company, whether it is small or large, can benefit by having a strong electronic communications policy in effect to reduce company exposure in litigation.
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April 15, 2010

New Lead Paint Rules for Contractors

by H. Adam Shapiro

Beginning April 22, 2010 all home improvement contractors are required to comply with the EPA’s new rules to prevent lead poisoning. The new rules, which have actually been public for 2 years, mandate that all contractors and sub’s working on homes built prior to 1978 (with a few exceptions) be certified by the EPA. Contractors will have to take a training course and submit an application to the EPA to become certified. Since the EPA could take as long as 3 months to issue the certification, we’re anticipating potential complaints this summer becoming an issue.

The fines for non-certified contractors doing renovation work are substantial, running up to tens of thousands of dollars a day. From the contractor’s perspective, not following the rules could lead to homeowners refusing to pay for renovation projects or even lawsuits down the road, in addition to the fines. From the homeowner’s perspective, these rules will provide a degree of comfort that lead poisoning risks are being mitigated, although it will also most likely add to the total costs of renovations.

In Pennsylvania, we’re still dealing with the effects of the relatively recent Home Improvement consumer Protection Act. At Danziger Shapiro, P.C. we have guided numerous clients through the new licensing requirements imposed on the renovation industry, and we’ve collectively learned that while there are a few hiccups, the process is not as difficult as everyone feared it would be at the start. Even more important to homeowners, we’re also starting to see the effects of the new laws on lawsuits brought against unlicensed and unqualified developers and scam artists within the industry. Our firm has helped numerous homeowners over the years prosecuting these claims, and these new regulations will add more teeth to their cases.
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February 23, 2010

Owner Liability for Corporate Acts, or Piercing the Corporate Veil

by H. Adam Shapiro

Owner Liability for Corporate Acts

What Happens When A Company Fails?

Editors Note: This post was original published in February 2010 and has been updated for accuracy and comprehensiveness.

Companies fail, as the news reminds us time and again. There are many things to worry about if your company is shutting down. At the top of the list are the company’s debts and liabilities. Who do they fall on? If you’re an entrepreneur sued in commercial litigation, are you personally responsible for your company’s debts? There’s no shortage of business lawyers in Philadelphia writing about this issue, but we often hear that most of the articles are difficult for the average business owner to understand, because the answer unfortunately really rests on the facts of your case.

The general rule is that Pennsylvania courts are hesitant to hold owners responsible for something the company does, called piercing the corporate veil in legalese. The main exceptions are:

(1) when an owner doesn’t treat the company as a separate entity, doing things like making random withdraws from the business account instead of taking a salary;
(2) when the company is used in a fraud, such as for an investment scam or contractors who take deposits but never intend to do the work;
(3) when the company doesn’t follow the corporate formalities, such as forgetting to maintain the minute books every year, even if there is only one shareholder; or (4) when the company is undercapitalized from the start.

To some degree, with the exception of the fraud rule, probably every small business in America is guilty of violating these rules. We get distracted running our businesses, serving customers, and forget to sign the form waiving the annual shareholder meeting or we never raise the initial capital we needed to get the business on the right track from the start. Does this mean you’re automatically liable if someone sues your company?

Fortunately, the answer is no. It means you need to speak with a business lawyer soon, someone who understands the rules for the states where you do business. Ideally, you’re making that call before you get sued, because its much easier and cheaper to have a business lawyer help you follow the rules correctly in the first place, rather than defend you after something has gone wrong.

If you’re at that point where something has already gone wrong, and your being sued personally, you need to get help quickly. The right commercial lawyer might be able to explain to a judge why your circumstances make your case different from the general rules.
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February 15, 2010

Business Bloggers Liability for their Posts

by H. Adam Shapiro

I thought it made sense to start off this blog with a post about the risks of blogging itself. More and more businesses are using both blogs and social media (such as Facebook, Twitter and others) to expand their brand visibility and attract new customers. While there are numerous seminars to teach you how to use all this stuff to your advantage, there are a few legal points you need to keep in mind.

The 3rd Circuit (the appellate court for PA, NJ, DE, and the Virgin Islands) held a few years ago in Dimeo v Max that bloggers are not liable for comments other people post on their sites. Like everything in the law, there are exceptions, but the general rule is that unless you wrote it or had someone else write it on your behalf you’re not responsible.

So the next question is, what about the stuff you write yourself? Blogs are supposed to be open exchanges of information, and the best of them often break news quickly. Does this mean as a blogger you are now a full fledged member of the media, entitled to source protection and back stage passes? Not according to a recent case in New Jersey. In Too Much Media v Hale, the defendant in a defamation case argued that she could protect her sources under NJ’s press shield law. In a decision that relied more on an analysis of the facts of Ms. Hale’s actions rather than a verdict against bloggers as a whole, the court found a distinction between her posts and those of someone in the business of disseminating news for the general public. While this is good news for companies who are the target of online smear campaigns, it raises some real questions about liability for those bloggers who regularly intersperse news with commentary.